߿ › ›Ÿ ™ ձR - h i ›Ÿ ‘’ ‘Ž’ ›Ÿ ձ ›Ÿ վ ߱ ߱ ߱ ™L ›Ÿ ‘ ’ ‘’ ߱ Ŧ† : ձ ›Ÿ , ߿ q ߱ j ɿ =, - j, , / - ſ, j- ? ›“ › ձ , q ɱ ߱ ձ, ߱ ‘’ ձ ›Ÿ , › ձ ŷ --- U Ž iœ ߿ q g › ձ ձ Ž , › ŽS U ߱ › ձ U ›Ÿ& - MW S j ›Ž ›Ÿ † ߱ ˩†˜ f Ͽ U ߿ ձ տ™Q / / h h › DZ 榤 DZ ձ- ߱ ™LǦ ߱ , , š, , ‡, , †˜ †˜Ͽ › զ߱ ߱ ߿ j- j M Bj , Ž ߱ զ™ ›߱ B / M ձ - , ѦԨ ‘’ ›Ÿ DZ / ›Ž B › ›Ÿ ™L ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- •1947— ߱߱ ɱ MW h ұ ] M G ˆɱĿ߱ ˆ Ž h ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ›Ÿ }/ - - - Ũ - | › ձh Ũh ߱ S - ɱ † › Z ұ - ѦԨ ձ Ũ › Ž j c j › › Ѧ j Š™ šŽ ɱ ŽS › ɼ h , 266 SS 240 ›Ÿ / ſ ձ ձ Š ӿ߱ ›Ÿ S ›ɱ h 10 h , ›Ÿ - ձ 1 ›Ÿ ‘’ ձ 5 h ›Ÿӿ j h › X, 6 h j / ›Ÿ 䱿߱ ձ - ɱ ձ ұ , ›Ÿ ™, R ӿ ›Ÿ , h Ϸ ſ 20 - , j ɱ - 5 1 h ᱿ ſ 30 ŽǼ S S j h --- j › ӿM › Ž › GS S ›Ž c › ߿ ›Ÿ ձ ›߱ ձ ձ , ŽS ձ ›˝Ÿ c Ž SS ߱ › - ձ ›߱ Ц c Ž տ ›Ÿ ձ߱ ™L ձ߱ ›߱ ձ տ Ž ›|n ˆ, Ũ& S S - Ž q ߿f S ɱ ձ Ž , ›߱ ɱ = B, , ձ‚, ձ h }/ Lš ߱Ž S ߱ ߿ ߱ In the Course of its visit to the Primary schools and its intensive interaction with the teachers, parents, and people interested in education, the committee was much impressed by the widespread desire for English in almost all stations of life, and in all classes and categories of people. An overwhelming majority of the parents told the committee in clear and unambiguous terms that they wanted their wards to learn English and learn in early They just want their children are given an opportunity to learn English, the earlier, the better, The middle class parents say this in chorus, but even those who cannot be called middleclass in the strict economic sense of the term, but are aspirants to become member of it sooner or later, i.e. rickshaw pullers, rickshaw van drivers and other members of the day labouring class, demand in unison that English must be a component in the syllabus at the primary stage. |, , › ›, ձ † ձ ɿM ɿM / M ›Ÿ ߿, c Կ h ѿ `˜†˜ , S h y i ѦԨ ߱ › X = 骿 ҿ › Կ ߱ S X ߱ `†˜ † Sn ›Š ұ ұ ߱ ձ™L & ɱG ձ߱ M†˜ `†˜ S ɱ ձ™LDZ c ɱ › ߱ Ͽ , K : } ɱ Z ձ S ձ / ߱, / ɱ ձ / ѦԨ / ɼ Ž X S - ›S c Ͽ ɱ ߿ S - S - DZ, ձ› Կ† ӿ߱ , ˝ ѿ `†˜ ›, ^ , ߿ - h M M - Lš , S† , › ձԩ† ›߿ ™ S-S, K, DZ - Z ŽS ›d 䱿 S S 䱿 › զ߱ { SS ߱ ›l M , ѿ `†˜ › S ӿ߱ ɱ ,. Ž, B, | ѦԨ , ߿ ۿ ſ | ™LM |, , š, Ž ŽS ձ ›߱ | Bj ›Ÿ , h --- ߱ ӿ Ž ߱ ձ Ž ›Ÿ տ ձ sG ŽS h ӿ߱ ߱ s / d ߱Š - DZ ձ ›߱ ŠŽ M › ߱ ›Ÿ Ž › š M j S ߱ X ڱ ˝ i & ѿ `†˜ - q , h ›Ÿ 䱿߱ 1835 ˆs S h Š Ɀ , ›|n S › ›Ÿ , o We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern a class of persons Indian in blood and color, but English in tastes, in opinions, in morals and in intellect. M ۿ | ѦԨ M S - Ž, ›, ™, M, › › - SX |, ձ ſ S‚, ߱Q, ^, ›, X › ձ S Žl ž ձ߱ , ձ ž U M DZ ձ߱ M˩†˜ f Ͽ ‡ ™ ‰ › U ܝ Ž ›‡/ †˜Ͽ ߱ ۿ - Ž h h ›Ÿ ձ R ӿ € ›|n - La, ›l , , iœ 䱿 , ߱ /, ߱ g ұ ɿM 䱿, ߱, ߱ ũx, Կ†, ‘’ DZ ߱ , ߱™L 榤 , ‘’ Կ† c ɿM- ߱ ձѿ , ‘’ ‘’ ձRš B ž, › , ›Ÿ ™ ‘榤’ --- -- Bj, ‘’ - ‘’ ™, } ŽS ‘’- , Ž h d DZ ձR- զ† , q DZ † › h ›߿ ߱, ߱ h ›, ձR Žɼ ѿ `†˜ ɱ ձ › S ߱ Ž toolkit, ѿŽl ߱, ̿ œ, ›|n , h ձ߱, S Bi •alienation—, ›l S i Ѧ ‡ ۿ ԿX Bj ™L ձ߱ = ձ‚ M S ™L ձBi M տ™Q Bi ? ™L h /, k / o Կ† † ձ. . տŸS .., i s › M˩†˜ { ߿ ߱, , ˥ • ť—, ^, `h, „ { Ũ, ɱ 1050 SS ŽX, S™L Ž ձ, š j ӿ߱ : SS ձ š ›Ÿ › Ž , ұ B Though all learners of English show substantial levels of classroom anxiety, learners coming from low income group families appear to be far more anxious. ұ Ž ձ ɱɱ ұ A negative correlation was noticed between income and parental encouragement suggesting that the low income group puts greater pressure on its children to learn English. Similarly, a negative correlation was seen between occupation and the use of English as medium of instruction at the primary level i.e.> lower the socio economic status of the family, the greater its children. This is a very clear index of socio-economic insecurity and it is out of sheer desperation and frustration that the lower income group claims higher levels of proficiency in English and recommends English as the medium of instruction from the early childhood. “ ҿ Ž B ձ ձ & › La La ߱, ^, --- ձ #; •1992— ɱɱ & BS ձ ™ M ˝ & ɱG ձ߱ M†˜ ſM Lš ѦԨ ‘ձ ’’ ‘™ ›Ž La’ ™L ߱ զa & # Ž ›‡ M ߿ ‡ ߱ ™L › † •persuade— տ i ߿ ›|n •promise— ձ , ߱ , --- ձſ, ߱, ™œ : : ›ſM ɱŽ--- ˩†˜ DZ/ i ۿ › •threats—--- : h h , › ‡ › › › † S Ž U , | ձ™Lǿ ™ Ž Ͽ ›†, › զa ſM ›† ߿ ‘ ˝’ f h ‘›Ÿ’ ձ ‘Ц›Ÿ Ž ձ™LDZ M տBi S j - j Ž M Ž iœ M ] Ͽ DZ ձ ™L i ™ ߱ j › ߱ ߱ j ձ š տ߱ ܝ ձ ɱ ձɱ ߱ ߱ ɱ ҿ ձ| › տ™Q ɼ ձ™LDZ j M ™ ձ= ™ ձɱ › M › Ͽ › ™ › Կ šQ ™ DZ ߱ ` Կ › i ‘ձ=’ M ɿ Ͽ , i i › M ɱ ‡ La տ߱ Ž ձj տ߱ ŽS ձj + † ձ- = |n › ձj& Ɀ Ž M X S›S Ž ` , M f h ձ 䱿 ›‡ , › i i ձ| }/ ߱ ߱ O B f ձ™Lǿ = O i › ߱ ŽS VɿX ұ h UŽS › տ߱ ›Ÿ h, c ձ --- , Bj, ձj j --- i , ›, / h q › Z X , ձ ›߱ ߱ Ž›l ‚ Ц B, ձ La Ž ‘’ ›Ÿ › K S h S X › ™L Կ MW ߱ ߱ տ ™L 266 S - S 225 Z ſ Ž , Ž ߱ 204 Ž Ž &QǼ › › › ձ ߱ › ™ ›Ÿ , h , , › , j h ›Ÿ c ɱ‡ ^ DZ › › , ɱ , S g › ձ߱ ›˝Ÿ ɱ h Ũh { •30— ձ Žš › Z Ž Ž 豿߱ Ũ™ j Ž / Ž 豿߱ Ũ™ j Ž / 164 Ž j Ž --- 60 h ‘’ ›˝Ÿ M › }/ Ž ӿ, Ž Ž ѿŽl }/ ŽϿ Ž Ž }/ ߱ š › 9 ߱ ӿ Ũ& f Z ™L ſ ձ ™L ™ Ž ߱ Ũ& ӿ߱ 1999-2000 i La ›߱ }/ 52,426 › ɱ 11,440 ɿ ɱ ŽŽS 2.7-2.8 Ž տ߱ 5 14 Ž Ž߱ Z 䱿 Ũ › 300 12 Ũ h NCERT ձ ‡ Ž DZ •1998— ›߱ Ž 48557 ſ 2863 B ſ ɱ S 82699 6711 vɱ h ɱ B Ũ& Ũ& տ߱ ɿM ɱ ߱ š - š UŽS 豿߱ DZ B, ձԿ† ߿f 豿߱ w , U ‡ , ձ / ұ › ձԩ† B › › h › ߱ ‡ S h 2002 G { S 1991 2001 ߱ ɱ h 18 10 h - S › M DZ ɱ }/, 113 / ۿ 䱿 ԿX // h qS Կ† , ѦԨ S . ߱ ߱ 㱿 ɱ 屿h h ߱ 豿߱ ɱɱ M }/ Ũ S™L - ſ ձ € › ™ Ž Ž M X › i ձ ӿ߱, ձ› qS Ž X ŽS ›Ž ۿ ѿ G†˜ S › Ž ŽS Ž O ̿ տ߱ ›‡ q S 䱿 , Ͽ߱ M ɱԿX, ߿ŽS S߱ ߱ La ™ ձ Ͽ ߱ › ߿f ձj Ž Ž›‡ ›l Ž / ǿ S ߱ɼ ձ ™L h Ž ߱Q S™L ɱ S& ߱ Ž Ž ŽS ſ › ›߱ տ, ձ‚ Ž › Z f 1965 - 66 š ߱걿 ߿ S-Ͽ › / / h }/ .. -߿ 1950 › ™ 1979 ˆs q ߿ Z }/ ߱ Ž ™™L Lš › ›™ = | q ›™ ‡ | ™L ›™ X ɱ ձj S i Ѧš › ɱ 1977 ...ձ., S Ͽ › ... › Ž Ѧš ... ߱ ɱ 17-18 ӿ ۿ / ˆK †˜ ߿ › = SS ձj Ž , ߿ ߱ 1981 Ž q , X ›ɱ •— U •8 , 1981— œS ұ Ž ұ . , . ? , ›f S, › , , . › &l, ձ, , տ › 1984 M BŽ ɱ M ߿ | ܿB q ›™ }/ ߱ Ž ձ Ѧš ߱k S ӿ X ɱ 1991 Bɿ Ž SS DZ ߿f ߱ ™ X Ѧ Ž 1993 š S ߿ ѿ Ž q = | ձ }/ DZ 1996 ... › q }/ 10 12 X ߿ œ߿ 17 ›La ߱ › h Ժ Կ† › ſ‡ S h ձj ߱ Ž X™L ۿ 1998 ˆs S ߱ Q ߿ › ™ X™L ߿ Z Ɀ ߱ X™L ߱ ߱}/ ߱ › | › X™L ձ ›߱ c ߱ f Ǽ ›Ÿ M ›Ÿ ߿ ›Ÿ i ɿ Ž X ›Ÿ ɱ y S ߿ ߱ •1992 100—--- There is a fair measure of agreement within the commission that the new method of teaching English, based on the so-called functional communicative approach, has been far from an unqualified success. տŸS Ž ™ ߱ Ž Ž ɱ | ձ‚ •classroom anxiety— ߱ g q Ž M X › ձ, Ž š Կ†/ › ձ Ž S Ͽ ձ ߱
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