߿ ߱ , ߿ ձſ ߿ ›ŏ-, ߿ j-f M-X -ž ›Կ ›/ h + qX ӿ ձ ›߱ ߿ : Ͽ߿ : ձſ ߿ c – + ›߱ B j 䱏 ձ, ձ/ † g j q | , T U S --S‚- ұ ɱ ձձ ձ ձ߱ ߿ ߿ ߿ ѿM + + ձ ‘߿ ’ , › ߿ ұ , - ұ h, ұ h - œԿ h ߱ ; ұ, ұ ձh ұ߱ • ɱ g߱, g߱€ , , ‚, ‚ ߱ — • S X — ‚ ߱ ɱ ߿ ߿ – ձſ ߿ ձ j ߱ ‘ ’ ߿ – ձſ ߿ ߱ – ŽS , ™ ձ , q ^ , h ŽS h € - B ձ – ձ – ձ, ߱ ^ h ߱ ߱ c ձ}, ձԿM ſ ߿ j ‘U ™L’ – ձ › j, ߱ ߦj Poetic Diction € Z ›Ÿ ՝ -›™L – , , – U› SQ ձſ ߿ j j j ſ š , „ + › ߿ › ߿ Ž, ձſ ߿ Ž j ߿= h 揿 f ‘j’ ‘j’, ‘ ߿ j’, ɱ ‘ ߿ S’, › f ‘ j-S’ ‘j S’, f S ‘߿ v’, ‘j j’ ɱ & † › Saintsbury- j-Lš, T.S. Eliot- Reflections on vers libre, A Lowell- The Rhythms of Free Verse Walt Whitman and the New Poetry, H. Monroe › Poets and their Art, Ezra Pound- Make it New, G. W. Allen American Prosody ›Կ ›g S j : B h ߿ ձ , Կ ߿ j Classicism n ߿, Romanticism K ߿, Modernism ձſ ߿ ɱ i DZ w , › +& › տ + Ž ߿ ŽS ɱ › – ŽM-| M- j ɱ S, , ŽS ߱ + ձ f, ұ ձ K ߿ › ձ M-M- › h j f ұ Ž߱ ߱ U j X ߿ ձ }-ɱ-l-S ߱ ™ ‘ / ߿ ձ߱ ߿ Œ Uɱ Leaves of Grass ߿ ձ ۿ ߿ ձ ߿ տɿM g ұ 榤 ߿ Ž › › jſM ұ ɱ S, ߿ ŽS › € Z M ұ տSŽ j ձ ߿ ™L h ‘jſM’ ﱿ , ձſ ߿ j jſM ձ ﱿ œ ‘j j’ h ߿ S ձſ ߿ „ ձſ ߿ j y ߱ ұ j ұ : : / / ձſ ߿ j ձ New libre, Free Verse, Prose Poem ›Կ & ſ › ſ / M j , ߿ M - • = Syllable— j ›Q ™ ձ X ^ Vers Libre- Uɱ Leaves of Grass •1855— ձ ߱ c ɱ- Illumination- •1873— M j › ɱ y ‘ ’- տ™Q ɱ- M j B ұ O Seasons ? O Chateaus ! ߿ , ߱, ձR , Ǽ ſS ձ * ձ Ͽ ձ߱ ձ ˥œ j ձ + ձR h B ˝ Ž ձ – ձ h ߱ , ǯ ɱ ߿ ɿh † , ұ c S ›Կ ձ Ži ձ ɱ vers libre- ȼ ߿, ۿ › ߿, ұ M j ߿ X › › ߱ ߿, vers libre vers libre ձ M j ѿM& , c ߦj , ұ ›& Ž š - : ™L , Š DZ ɱ ɱ – M j „„ ™ i j / ձ™L, ߱ X ߿ d ߱ ›‡ - : ߿ Free Verse ձ › X - ‘{ ߱’ ߿ ߿ vers libre Free Verse , ߱Q jS Ži ձ ձ ߱ ձ߱, j, & _ iœM ™L ™L ‘jſM’ ‘Mj’ ձ ‘߿ ’ ߿ ߿ ձ ™ ձ ձDZ ’ ›Ÿ , j, qw , M ұ › ›, ձ ™ ߱ ձ€ ձ ſ ձ , Ϗ ™L #; „ › – – ߿ ߿ ձſ ߿ j ›/ Free Verse ‘ ’ s&B + Œ Uɱ ߿ / տ S j ſM Leaves of Grass- Uɱ Songs of Myself ѿM – I celebrate myself; And what I assume you shall assume; For every atom belonging to me, as good belongs to you I lost and invite my soul; I lean and loaf at my ease, observing blade of summer grass. ‘‘ձ › ߿ ձ ſ ձ ™LM › ߿߱, j ձ ձ ձR ձ ﱿ, B ձ ߱, ƒ ’’ Uɱ ߿ , q M ɷ † ߿ &i | ߱ q ߿ jұ տ տ q ߱ t ߿ ؿ , 䱿S ߱ j- ߦj jj ձ &QǼ ձſ ߿ ߱ ™ ӿ Ѧ ձ j ſM › ұ ɱ ˆ j ߱ M ұ տSŽ j M S ǩ† , j› ſ‡ ‹, , – ձſ ߿ Mj ؿ ˆ DZ i ձſ ߿ j M + -ձ ɱ- Aube DZ ‘›’ ߿ ߿ ձ߱ › ձ ƒ h › h hh & / ™ h ձ ұ, 汿 ž ™L Н - Ž s `, , › տ:, ձ ձ v` - , h h տɱ, ` h ձ ձ ձ U ߱ ߱ ձ ›ɱɱ j K ձ ᥤ € ձ } ߱ ձ ? ձ › Š ’ ›™L ձſ ߿ j – X X – ‘-’ ߿ q h, 骱 € ™, h, ſ , h h y – ձ , ‘’ , ձ, , S ؿ ձ , ߱ ձ , ձ && ұ ߱ – , ձ iœ , ձ ձ •߿-— † B ߿ j ſM › U + ’ ߿ 榤 j , ձ, ұ ұ , ۿ, `, ߱ ›Կ ߿ j › ձ߱ ߿ ` › ߱ˆ SŠ ߱ ձj / h h Z › 1887 ԩ†s ұ iœ ›l ߿ ұ ұ •ұ - n S B— ұ ձ’ (Anabas) ›Կ ߱ M j ɱ DZ + ձ Anabais - I - ߱ ձ – 1 ›‡ ձ ӿ` g ߱ ߱ զa j ^ ձ‹ Կ ձ h& DZ ձ߱ ߱ , c M ձ ߱ ^ ձR Կ Ž, ſ ձ S .......... qX ߱ ›Ÿ ձ , ձ iœ տ߱ ձ ߿ ›, ›, †˜ › ` ձ ձ & › c ձ ›™ B |‡ ձ M qX ߱›M j Ц ›Ÿ &? ձſ ߿ Տ S X ߿ ձſ ߿ Տ S ‘ ’ ߿ › ߱ Կ† ձ & / 屿 Կ ձ} ձ ߱ &? ձ g / h, Š ^ ձ ձ տ| ұ T , ߱ ӿ ߱ j h h W ߱ ձ ձ ߿ h , ߱ ‚ 鱿 ‚ 鱿 ձ ձ ձ ձ › q ߱ T ձ , h ձſ j տ La › ™L ` › j Ži ձ ձſ ߿ j 䱿S ›‡ › jϿ ձԿM jЦj More accurately it must adopt a new set of rules which it can obey, find another way of speaking and writing.(Princeton Encyclopaedia of Poetry and Poetics; cd. By Alex Preminger) - j , ſ ߿ j c M j Free Verse ﱿ 䱿 j Šձ/ Ժ ձſ j K ߿ j ձ v߱ j ߱ c i S j j ձ ձſ ߿ j -S › i ձ տ ɼ ձſ ߿ ߱ s S տQ ձ, j ߱ / i j ɱ ұ ѿM ™ , S ձ f ߿ SM , Ţ T † ձ , f Ͽj › ߿ ձ, j › : ձ ұ ‘j’ Lš౿ ߿› ɼ ‘ j’ g ‘‘ ձDZ j տǩ† + , j ’’ j , f ձſ }M Uɱ ߱ɼ ‘ / › , ߱ ’ ‘j ™L ™L’ ›g V ‘‘ ‘’ ձ ŢT S j ›M ’’ ߿ j ܿ ұ ﱼ iœ SM M j ձſ ߿-f M, տ S, ž , X ›Կ ߿ / ɿ f ŽM S s › S ձ S s S › j ߱ ɱ &Q Ž ‘ձſ ߿ j Ž Ž c ұ Ʀ , Š Ժ ұ q j տ Ž ‹ ɱ k ұ Spreeng Rhythm Mj j ? The Windhover ߿ ߿ ™ X ߿ / M q ˩† տ? I caught this morning mornings minion, Kingdom of daylights dauphin, dapple-drawn Falcon, is his riding Of the rolling level underneath him steady air, and striding High there, how he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing In his ecstasy! them off, off forth on swing, As a skates heel sweeps smooth on a bow-bent; the hurl and gliding Rebuffed the big wing. My heart is hiding Stirred for a bird, - the achieve of, the mastery of the thing ! (Gerald Manley Hopkins, Poems and Prose : Penguin) տ S j ‘S ‘’- ߱ ߱ ߿ h ձ, : &, B -߱ , -`, - € ձ , Ž Ž ձ „ › B ߱ •S— f ›™L ձ LaLa ΦB jS ſM •— Ž ѿMɱ, ձ߿œ, j ɱ S ձſ ߿ j Mj ߱ , j ɱ j j ұh, ձ ſM ™L/ ձW տ ߿ › › ɱ j j j ſM ‘‘c ձ ›Bi ſM y j , j ձ ſM ձ j ձ ߱ݼ ձ j, j g / q , Ž ձſ j _-- •ӿ߱ j j — d ߿ ߿ ձ ԿS / ձſ j Vɼ ձſ ߿ j ſM , j j/ ձſ ߿ › j ߿ ߱ – – ձ ߱ h , v h ^ : h – – ’ j j X ұ ‘߱ ’ ›g •— ձ –‘ M Š ߿ B ’ † B j ܿ j ձ ߱ / ձ , j ձ / s B€ -ձ-ſ† ձ› ձ B |M 86 810 š ɱ j / 8 + 6, 10 , 8, 8 10, 10, 8 10, 8 10, 10 4, 8, 8 10 6 10 B S ѿM& S ǿɱ ձſ ߿ Bj ϩ† ɱ › ߿ X j տc S-› –‘ “Ž- 21Ž ^ – Ž ŽM-|M › S S DZ ‘Ž’ s › Syllable SM † B S , s S ѿM Z ǿ 10 S ձ߱ j / j S y f M + ձſ, DZ n Classicist € ߿ › j / S 8 + 6 Կ† “ h 8 + 10 › ɱ“ q , 6 ձ, “ 8 + 10 ౿M B “ Bi œԿ 8 + 6 Ž – S, “ › 10 + 10 ›j “ / / 8 + 10 M { ձ€ “ 8 + 4 ^† “ 10 ߥ 8 + 6 տ߱ “ h€ € 8 + 10 ߱ “ ձ ! ߱ •— 8 + 6 “ ߱ 10 S h, 6 |n 10 ™L 6 + 8 ɱ ſ 8 + 10 ȿ? , 8 + 6 g ե 4 10 gɱ 8 + 10 ɿ M › 8 + 6 M - •— + ŽM Sɱ, , ѿM# Bj ߿ ձſ j ϩ† M j ߿ B BԺ Ͽ߱, Ž B տc ‘’ B ‘’ DZ S ˜ B DZ S ձ SQ ŽM | M › – ձ ߿ Ž Syllable S La › / Z ձ ‘›Bi’ † B 4 S ŽM ǿɱ ɱ M ұ ձſ ߿ B ›f S ߿ – 10 ұ ұ , ™t 8 10 ձ߱ h , 8 Կ ձ – 8 q 6 qF ߱ 8 , , 10 ›, , Ž – , 8 + 6 – sӿ qż i ѿM ձ ߱߱ , ߱ ߱ ѿM ™L ձſ ߿ ſM ߱- ߿ ߿ , j ſM ձ-j ձſ ߿ jſM ձ ž ž ձ ߿ ձ- M ‘߱ ’ ߿ ’ •ձſ j€ j j– — ‘U ߿ ߿ h B j ձſ ߿ j „ ձQ j ۿ S߱ , S , ™ ձſ ߿ j , -ŽM-SM ұ M߱ S– , , , S, hM ߿& S j , f M, տ S, X ž ձſ ŠMW c j ɿ Ÿ •j—, •f—, ɱ •տ S—, S › •X — S •ž —– ߿ -v j-›- j ŽŽ ž - ‘S’ ߿ – j- ſ , j – ™ ߿ K ߿ ߿ › j S SM š › ™ X ›Ÿ ձ ߿ ɱ , ӥ ^ - + ձ S ߱`Ͽ ߱ Կ† ſ + ձ 屿 ߱ & ſ = Կ† i S ݯ | + Ͽ { տ S뱯 ߱ ߱ U ™L-œԿ S ߿ M j ߿ „ S ߿ ™ › V ѿM S ѿM j M S automatic ߱ ձſ j h / ұh ‘S’ 3 ѿM 1 2 ѿM ™ ձ, DZB 7 ѿM ™ › ™ ѿM ձ ™ S ѿM ߿ S - + w™L ձ , a ұ v™L ߱ a l ߱ -ɱ` a a ’ ձ ߿ Ѧš S ѿM ձ, ѿM ձ – ձ, 6 + 2 6 + 6 -ӿϼ ձ 6 + 2 ߱ bL ձſ ߿ jſM ™L j ߱ † † , ձ߱ X ߱ ˜ , Mj / ѿMɱ , B i ߱ , T, SŠ ? ›߱ ™L ™L j ™L ߿ ŽM ɱ ɱ t ߿ ձ, ߿ ſ ™ ſ Ͽ߿ ձ ›Ž ߿ ߱ ߱ , B ™L art work Š ձ/ ձſ ߿ ߿ › ɱ ұ Petits Poems en prose, Le spleen de Paris 1869 ԩ†s ›߱ c ɱ B › y S ߿ ұ M Կ† B ߿ – 1886 ԩ†s ›߱ Les Illuminations 1873 ›߱ Une Saisan en Enfer ߿ B + ӿ, Ž ™ ɿM ›߿DZ Ž ɱ- ‘ ’- (Une Saisonen enfer) ‘Z ›€ s ɱ’ / ‘‘ ձ ձ iœM ߿ Š ǿ ձ ‚ – – ձ y ӿS DZ› – ձ ձſ S ߿ h h ӿ& ɼ ձ j B ɱ S, /= #, ߱ } , #; S, , DZ , V Lš, ɱ ձ h, +, q S, , ߱ ߱ , j ձ SŐ ›Ÿ , ձ տ w , ›La, X&, ^, 汿 › S€ ձ ſS ™ ձ ձ ‘’ ߱ ‘’ , ‘ձ’ , ‘’ , ‘’ ձ › ? ձ߱ , ձ j ߿ ձ ‚ , f hh , S ձ ձ q g ձ S s +™L B , ձ Կ h ұh ߿ ’’ Prose-poem -߿ տj ɱ ұ ұ + j ߿ › '߱ ɱ ߿ M Valle de Mexico '߱ ߱ ߿ ߿ – ‘‘ B ›™ / ұ, ձ ձ ſh ߥ ձ ߥ ձ ™L j, ™L j, š šX – ձ 䳿M ձ qX , Xӿ ձ ձ ձ h ձ Ž& ſ ŽS & ձ W ߱, DZ ߿ Ѧ ұ ձ ձ ҿ , Ž ձ&’’ (Octavio Pas : Selected Poetry / Bilingual Edition) ձſ ߿ j j X j ߿ , c ѿM& ߿ ұ ձ ձſ ߿ f M ž = c j ߿ ұ ձ ձh j ŠѿM ߿ , ѿM ձ߱ , ߿ /ɱ, x ߱ ߿, ߿ Bj, ұ ‘;™L ’ ߿ prose poem XԿ ‘‘ ™L ձ › – h ` › ձM B , ݼ h ’’ ................ ................ ................. ձſ ߿ j ˜ ›߱ , ձ/ տQ , ߿ ұ ߿ ұ^ ұ- ˆ ˆ- ߿ automatic writing Ц ձ ™˩ M & , La ` Free Association /X › ߿, ɱ ұ ’ ɱ stream of Conciousness ›’ X€ ձ , dŽ ձſ ߿ – ›Ÿ , Ž Free verse M j ߿ ۿ The Rhythm of Free verse ձ ձ . . ۿ Reflections on verse libre ›g j j j ɱ ձſ ߿ , ɿ j ձ ձ߱ S ǩ† ߿ ߿ ұ ߱ › ձ – Free verse has been employed mainly by the radical poets, (Dictionary of world Literary forms : ed by Joseph Shipley) j ߦj ձſ ߿ j ߿ ߿= ‘ “ ^ ’ •— – ŽM ‘’ 2S € ‘ h™L •ձ ձ ߿— – ‘ ’ h ߱ ѿM j ɱ ŽM 8 8 6€ ‘ & •— † B 3 S h ‘ұh K‚ †˜ – ’ •S— ‘K‚’ K B 4 S – j ߿ j , M j f M ‘Ǧ†˜’ ߿ h ߿ j Š ߱ ™ ߿ 7 M S q ŽM 8 – 10 “ ߦœ զ &? 8 – 10 ™t ›Ž “ ›B 8 – 10 , “ ձy / ұ 10 _ ձW€ “ •ǩ†˜ 1 — c › 12 ѿM 12 ѿM j™L, ұS SM M + 5+5+2 ™ “ f 5+5+2 f “ “ € 5+5+2 “ q “ € 5+5+2 “ “ •ǩ†˜ 1 — 16 ѿM ձ iœS SM M 6+6+2 S “ Z “ ձ 6+6+2 ҿ “ “ 6+6+2 DZ “ #; “ ձ 6+6+2 “ › “ Ž ߿ Z › 7 ѿM ձ ŽM ›ɱ f M ߱ ‘iœ†’ ߿ i j ž ߿ M j q ŽM ŽM ߿ U h 88 gɱ ұ Կ† “ ձ 10 X Н› 8 g ““ B › ۿ ‘’ = ‘?’ = 2S c ߿ ž - › 6 S SM 6+5 ߱, “ ““ 6+5 ӿ ““ 6+5 • ձ— ““ 6+6+5 ſ, c h ““ 6+5 ձ – ““ 5 ļ † ձſ ߿ j › , ߿ ձ Q h ߿ ұ j›ϼ
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