ձ ߱߱߱ ’ a / - & ߱ ɱ S ߱ ɱ ߱ a / ɱ 䱿 ߱Ŀ ߱ - / ձ DZ | Ͽ - ‘’ ձ S ‘ۿ’ | | X ٿQ , j ߿ ߱ ɱ vɱ߱ ձ , ‘K’ | ߿ ձ, ž jɱɱ ^ ߿ ‘S’ , ߱ ‘ 汿 Q’ ߱ ߱ B Š (higher form of art) ŽS › ߱ S , ߱ ɱ DZ , - ɱ ‘‘ q ӿM +/ ’’ ‘S’ Lš 1 G XԿ ߱ ձ › ™L statement M ұh ձ ‘X’ ߿ ձ | ɱ ձ › v߱ › q ˦ q ձ h ſ ™L ɱ ߿ , h ѿ, ձ ձ --|X :›߱ ſ ɱ q ſ h ‘ձ ’ ձ ‘߱ ’ ձ ™˦ h-h ұ h, ձ ™ q B տ ձ V , a / ձ, c , ȼ տ & ‘ k’, & h f , h , ߱ ߱ status # › Ž h qX / › , 榤, --߱™L ɿM ѦԨ ›߱G ߱ ձR, › ձ , ſX, M, M߱ ߱ ›ɱ / / , ձ ™L- h ߱ qX MW ձ ߱ ձ / MW ձ , / M ձ ɿM ӿ - j Ž - ˝ / ձ Š : ߱ š „- / f ߱ S߱ ձ / ߿ ‘’ տ ձ ɼ h x ‡ patronage ߱ Š Ž › › y›- › a / X ſ† U | , , -- ɿ › › qX + y , ߿ ɱG ɱŠ ɱ a / ›䱿 ’ ™ ɼ ũx DZ ߱ ߱ g ſ - y Կ ߱ a / ձ qS | : › U տ: ձQ ձ y ™ / Š ߱ | / Š , ߱ ұ | : ߱ h ߱ ԿM Ͽ߱ S , ձ , ߱ Ͽ߱ ౿ › h - ? Ͽ߱ , ߱ Š h : ߱ , ձ , V g ‚ --| g , ߱ DZ h , h ձ , -- / /, , &Q ձ -- ձ ™L › ߱ ‘ɱ’ Š ԿS Mj -- ߱, ձ , ձ , › V , ձ™L ߱ qX / - + ߿ ߱ ߱ -M - › F/, La/ ™ ձ ɱ տ߱ ˆ ɱk ձ y , ˆ ߿= ɱ ձ › a / ſ ձ ›, M / Z Ž DZ / La , + , Š ձ ձ ձ M F/ X M _ / M ձ Ž ߱ _ & ›߱ ձ. ձ ɱ, Š, ߿, , ›g ɱ / / M ߿ , & vɱ߱ a vɱ߱ a / - i ɱ flow chart - a _/ “ ɱ a _/ ߱ ߱ & h ձ ձ - = _/ ձ & ձ߱ l l› _/ ɱl ߿ S La/ ŽS › ™ ձ ߱ ձ ձ ձ _/ q M & ձ , - ձ ſ - š ſ ձ ձ ձ q / ŽS &Q ™Կ ɱ ձ Š + ſ ˆ ŽS -La, ձ ŠMW a ›߱ flexibility - / › + ձ h n ‘ձſ’ ձ ߱ ‘ ձ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ձ’, ‘’ ɱ s ձS™L ձ h M › &-- ‘’ s j s ‘’ -- 汿 ձ / / ɱ / ձ family f h /Ž & - ձ Š Ͽ ſ , -- Š B Ž M ձ G ձV ߱ , ұ ™ ɱ / ձ & U h ™ g -- Š , ߿ ձ , › & ---‘ձ’, ‘’, ‘’, ‘’, ‘’, ‘j’, ‘G’, ‘’ ɱ › ſ --- ‘’ ‘ձ’ , / ™ M ձſ ߱, DZ › ᱿߿c h ‘’ B B ձ / / Œ ұ DZ / • — S X B ‘’ ձ ‘’ -- ˆ ձ › ձ ձ ‘’, ‘ձ’, ‘’, ‘’, ‘’,‘’ --- տ ſMM › , ձ ձ ‘’ › j ‘’ ‘’ ‘ձ’ DZ ‘’ , ‘ձ’ ձ ‘’ qX ‘’ ˆ ߱™L 榤 melody | ձ, › ߿ ‘’ ‘’ ߱, ߏ, Ǧ... & ˆ / h › † , q ձ -- ‘’ ɿ , --, S߱ ձ + |n DZ &Q ձ , ձ _ -- / ‘’-- •atmosphere— Կ† † ߱™L 榤 ‘-ձ’- s Š, ? --߱ ›, h ձ q , DZ effective Š Bj , ɱ Ž , ‘’ , ߱߱ -- ߱ M ŽS ӿ Š i S factor -- overall emotive approach ‘’ Š › q t ߿ ɱ , Š • տ — ™ › ߱ & / --߱ ߱ , ˦š ߱ ‘’ Š ұ߿ j ߱ Ͽ ‘’ K & -- ‘ɱ’, ‘ſ’, ‘’, ‘’, ‘ h’, ‘ձ ߱h’ ɱ DZ B -- ™ -- › ‘ձ ’ -- |M DZ ձ Š j ›› Š ſ iœ ” › ™ ձ ߿ ұ ձ Z ™ ձ ұ M ›‡ ‘’ ™ ձ ұ ձ ߿ ұ -ɱ ‘’ ߱ Š ձ ߿ ұ ߱ |‡ Š ߿ ұ ‘’ M ‘ɱ ’ ... ɱ • ‘:’ ߱ ߱ g —, ձ ߿ › , DZ -- 1907 “ 1908 ™ & q ձ ߿ › ձj ߿ ߱ ұ › -- ұ S , ™L ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘h ’, ‘’ • ‘’ ǿ — --ұ ™L ^n / Ž Ž c ‘’ j = ұ ձ ߿Š ߱, M, - ձ ߿ _-- › ձ | Ž h y ձ ‘’ ձ ™L › ձ ұ -- y iœš h †˜ ձ ‘’ ? ŏŽS ߱߱ š -- ձ ›/S, ձ ›/S, 汿 , ұ ұ › ‘’ / ™L / ұ U տ: 1973 ť ™L ߿ --, Abdul Karim Khan, The man of the Times. ұ ձ ձ ߿ ұ Š ձ ߱ , ձ ձ ұ տœ ߱ & ›߱ .. Classic Gold' ɱ””” ™L & h | g qX ɱ | ߱ ձj ձ ߱h ұ ߱h qX ߱ j ”‘’ › ›‡ ™ j ձ ұ DZ -- ձ ߿ ձ ”””ձ ߿ _ ‘ ’, ձ ұ _ ձ ߿ ‘™L’ ‘ ұ ’ ^n j ‘& ߱’ -- ›߱ տ: ‘’ ‘ ձ’ ‘籿’, ձ ‘ ձ ɱ’ -- ɼ ձ ߿ ɱ, ‘’ y › Šϼ ›Ze › y DZ, ߱ › /Ž ‘’ š ձ ұ ߱ M߱ S ߏ, _-- ߱™L ұ feminine _ , ‘’ R -- Š ߱ = ſ† S ߿ role model ߱ ձ} , ұ --- ɱ ‘’ h ˩†˜ ‘’ - | , iœ •1905 — ձ ߿ ձ ұ --- ձ ›/ 汿 , ߱ ձj / , ɱ , = ұ տ { --- DZ j ߱ ձ h - ſ ɱ ߱ |‡ - j ۿ ^n ձ ™L ߱ Š q ձ › , -DZ, › Ͽ ձ ߿ ұ ߱ Š ɱ 8“9 ձ -- q Š Ž Ž ‘’ ձ} ߱ ™ ߱ q ‘™L’ ‘& ߱’ q Š j: ɱ { -- DZ T ձh ұ / / › Š M -- / / , ұ X-- / h ǿ h / / ձ g / ձ ձ ߿ ‡ G g ߱ ձ / ձ ե ߱߱ / ߱ c g / › &, ߱ / ‘’ Ž / ŏ ‡ ձ-- ձ S ﱿ / _ ұ › & -- DZ ߱- । ұ ұ { j-- q / › _, DZ ŏ _ S ౿ ұ ɱ -- / ձ -- ձ fұ ™L ձ--•. . — --- •‘ ’— g › j ձ ߿ ұ S , ߏ _ ձ ߿ _ ‘’ ߿= ձ ߱ ձ ձ ߿ h , ߱ SS Ž ұ ߱ Ž , , /--› ձ DZ, ձ _ Š q ߿ , & --, , ϼ › ‘j ’ , ձ ұ , h ձ, ™ ſV ұ q | -- ձ™ ձ™ Œ ‘ ɱұ߱ 汿’, ‘ ’ › ‘’ g ձ ߿ ұ ɱ / , a / ›߱ -- ɼ Ž _ ݼ , j . . x ɱ ›߱ Ž / ‘™L ’ h . . . Great luminaries ’ , -- •‘ ’— •‘ ’— ‘’ › Š ձ ‘’ › M߱ g / / ߱ -- ‘’ › h Š h߿h ұh -- / ձ ›iœ ߱ › ߱ ɱ { ›ݼ ձR Ž / /, ձ i, ϼ ߱™L ϼ g ‘ ߱h’ ‘ ɱ œ ’ ’ q , ‘’ / › › › ձ ձ ձ ұ š ž -- ձ ߱™L .. ›߱ { & --- h qX { { ձ DZ ߱h qX ɱ ұ { ™L ™L / ‘ ձ’, | ߱ ұ ‘ ’ › ›‡ ‘ ߱ ’ Ͽ › , ձ ߿ ‘ ɱ’ ‘ ’ --c ߱ ձ ߿ ߏ _ ߱ ձ ձ Landmark Š š , ߱ Š Ž y / -- ߱ ߱ h X ձRš / Š ձ ձ ձ -- Ž ǿ / DZ ߱ h ձ ձ d ‘’ ձ › Š ™ ձ Ͽ Š ձ ұ ‘’ S torch bearer ™ , ‘’ ɱ d ۿ ‘’ , ձ lyrical approach S d Š ſ S ...’ ɱ--ձh h Rhythm House ɱ ›߱ d h ߱ ձ ‘’ Š , & , . . . ›߱ ɱ ‘߱ ’, ‘’ ‘ұ’ ‘’ ձ ›iœ Š › ձS -- | › ձ Š B ɱ --, ™L G , DZ { › ձ ߿ ‘’ Š ˆ , , ұ ›/ g ձ ұ ‘’ i ›‡ ձ ұ ձ ߿ i -- G › ߿ h ձ K ձ - ձ DZ ձ ߿ ™ ɱ › h emphasis. ձ ұ ^n ձ , ™L , ձ ұ ձ ұ , ߱ ڱ: ձ --c ձ q ߷ ձ ‘’ ‘’ ձ ұ ձ ұ / ‘’-- ‘›’ Intellectual emotional appear ұ տi --ұ M # ձ ұ ‘’ 骱 G Š ɿMQ Ž ›‡ ߿ ߱ ߱ ձ ұ ɱ / • ұ—- ™L B ձ ߱ ұ Š --ձ ұ genius Ž y › ձ ձ ձ ձ › ‘j’ ‘G’ ձ ұ ‘’ Š ձ ұ - › Ž † ձ ߿ h ձ ұ ձ ߿ ɱŸ contemplative seriousness Ŧ ձ ұ ™ h › h ɱ G jɱ ձ ұ jɱɱ ‘ձ’, ‘’, ‘’, ‘’ q † t ձ ұ ұ ™L Š ձ-- ߱ ‘h’ › , Ž, •տ߱ ‘’ — ™ climatic M h ձ ^n DZ -- ‘ұ’- ‘ ’ ձ俥 q ^n ‘ձ ձ ’ ձ ұ › ‘’, ‘’ ‘’ M ‘ ձ’ տ: ձ ұ ›߱ f, y ձ , ߱ y ձ ߿ U + ﱿ -- The Style is the Man. Š ɱ š 62 1974 Š DZ™L Š - ձ ™ ձ ұ ߱ ձ , ߿-- 䱏 qX ɱ ұ { ձ { ߱ T ձ ſ ձ ձ ձ ’ ‘ձ’ ౿ n- ‘ձ’ ſ -- ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘ձ’ ձ ‘ձ’ ™L ›-- ߱ j 1981 ›߱ ‘ ’ ౿ ™L i M ұ , ‘ձ’ S , ұ ձ ձV { ձ ‘ձ’ S ‘’ ‘ձ’ տ ڱ ™ ұ ‘’ S ձT ұ ߱ q ұ ұ ձ߱ ‘ձ’ ˆ ŏ (masculine) Š , ձ Ž ձ ‘߱’, &Q š տ߱ ұ › n ‘ ’ ձ ձ ‘’ ‘’ --߱ › , ‘’߱ S › , ߱ - ߱, j ұ ձ ձ -- M -- / Participation- ұ ұ / &Q ձ ‘ձ’ n , h , , , ɱ Š i ɱl ſ _ ŏ _ › տ ‘ձ’ j Š , ձ, ߱ ձ, , ›iœ 汿 ߱ ›/ ձ ձ , qS ɱ ߿ ߱ ձ h ɱ ™L ߱ ձ ߱ ߱ h { ұ ? ұ › / ǿ› ɱ , ’ Š + -- ұ ձ ߿ ұ X , ұ q › , ұ -- ߱ ™ ձ B , c ߱ , œ h ձ ߱ ձ ձ M ұ Ѽ h ձ › ұ ‘ձ’ , ұ --ſV ұ •ұ ‘j ’ ‘ ұ ߿= —, ձ ұ ſV ұ / ߱߱ ‘’ ߱ ձ ߱ ߱ { / & ߱ ߱ ߱ ձ /X s |‡ _ ›/ ‘’-- { h a / Š , › iœ & q-- G ߱ S j h Š , , տ߱ › ᱿߱ c a / j Ž ձ ‘’ ձſ ›iœ Š 汿 ߱ y ›, ‘ ’ տœ Ͽ ձ 汿- ɱ & --- ™L ձh h { ߱ j ‘ձ’ |‡ ұ ұ , ™ U ұ h ձ ౿ U ұ U ұ, U ұ, ձ U ұ, ձ U ұ, U , ž › ձ Ž ձ --DZ ߱ ™ ұ Z ߱ ұ h ߱ y ұ _ , -- y ߱ ߿ _ _ ձ ұ ‘ɱˆ’ ұ iœ ձ ‘/’ Š ұ ұ ߱ q ļ n - { ұ ߱ ߱h U߱ M ұ ǿ› ɱ ұ ұ ‘š-Š&’- › ձ Š ›߱ ձ h B ߱ { ձ ұ q ɱ -- ›-骿 ߿ -- S Š S y distorted ձ ձ h ߿ ߿ , ߱ -- , ұ š --.. ұ ұ Ÿ˦š -- q › _ ձj - ձ -- ұ ұ ‘ U ɱ’, ‘/ ձ’, ^n ‘ ’, ‘ ߱ ’ ߱ -- †Q, - j ‘’ ‘’ n- q › -- ‘Ŀ ߱ ’ € n ‘ ’ ձ -- q-- ұ ұ q ձ h & -- , ™ | / - h Š | -- , ձ ‘߱’, ‘h’, ‘™L’, ‘’ •‘‘ j’’— U › ߱ --| M j , , B Š , › ұ › --߿, › Ͽ ߱ ‘ ’, ‘ j ’ ‘ ߱ ߱ ſ’ ߱ ұ ‘j j’- ߱ ұ ߱ ‘’ n - - , c - - , m j › -- ߱ Š h ߿ B effect , ‘’, ‘߱’ ›Կ ›߱ ‘’ Կ† -- ұ ſh ɱ ߱ ߱ ձQ ұ ձ hұ߱ ߿& q -- ձ ձ x Down Memory Lane h ұ - ɱ ɱ › ߱ --f , ž , › ›ɱ / ɿMQ ұ i Š ߿ , ұ --:f› ᱦ, ƒ Aɱ” ձ ұ ߿ ߱ ձ ,-- ſ h h { ߱ T ™L ߱ ߿ U ұ U ұ Ž, G ɿMQ ձ ””” ” ›/ ƒ Aɱ, S iœ h Š ™ X ſ M/ / ߱ B :f› ᱦ jɱɱ ɿ jɱɱ / ‘ž’ ™LM ձ y B MW ձ ſ ””” › Ž ߱ ұ , ߱ ұ ɱ Š ұ ߱, --ձ ߱ ұ ߱ ձR U ұ ұ ˢŸ U U / { & ߱ -- › ұ ұ S c ߱ ‘ձ’ ŏ , ߱, --ձ, , ‘’, ‘ ұ’-- ߿ † S U _ ߱ œ ߱ / h U ‘› ’ U j ɱ & ձ-- ձ । ɱ j ߿ =, ɱ ౿ ұ ‘’ ‘ ’ j ձ S ұ ˢŸ ౿ ‘ձ’ Ž -- ɱ - ұ ߱ , ˦ = / : ұ † -- ߱ ձ ұ & ձT ұ ұ ౿ ߱ - ɱ , ſ t-- -- h { ұ ౿ ձ , DZ ’ Ž DZ™L ౿ ձ ձ › -- c ձ q ձ Ž ձ G ɱ , › Ž ձ ߱ ұ MW q -- y ߿ , { --, -, , , , { ձ ߱ ߱ Š ! q Š genius ˥œ q -- Z Ž ұ ߱, ౿ , ձ ߱ U S, DZ h ձ--‘U ߱h’ ձ j ձ ұ ɱ S U h ұ ұ ˦ ˆ ɼ ձ j ߱ j ձ ұ ұ ‘ ’ ߿ › j j ‘’ ‘DZ’ ձ ձ̿ g ձ Š -- U ұ ձ ұ › U ұ S, ұ ˦ • ‘’ q —, Z U ɱ DZ ձ & ..- ɱ t-- h ɱ T •‘‘ j’’— ž ‘ձ’ , { ձ ұ › S a / œ ߱™L 榤 intellectual approach ɼ , q ձ ߿ ұ ſ , G ž G ߱ ›:X ɼ G ߱ ձ Š ߱ S ϿŽ ‘’ Ž, ſ ™L ™L ߱ ™L ‘’ --ձ / † , , / › ߱ ‘ձ’ ұ߱ G ұ ‘ձ’ տœ Š ձ -- ձ ߱ S ߿ _ ձ ձ, iœ h • n ߱ Ž — .. G M ұ n- œ , ž g ұ ™L , UU X ‘‘߱, ž ߱ ſ ձ jŦš ᱼ h # Uұ’’ --™ ұ ž ߿ S ɱ & ™L ұ { ž ߿ ߱ ߱ |X / B䱿 --G G S G Theory „ Q M › , Q ߱ Š ߱ ߱ f DZ ‘ ’ a / › ‘’ ›‡ ұ ұ , c › S ұ -- ‘߱ B’ & & ұ › n › & , ! ұ ұ ұ & ‘ ’ ߱ ɱ m ұ ұ S -- ‘’ ᱿ϼ - ߱ ‘ձ’ ձ{ ұ-- ձ l M ұ › ұ • ձ { — Z ձ{ ұ, ұ ұ ձ ‘’ h S ߱ ߱ M߱ S ұ S ұ ɱ , ‘’ S ұ ұ S ұ, ұ ұ ձ › › ұ S ұ • h Š•, U ұ S ™ U ұ Z , DZ ұ S h ž ? --ұ , ™L, ž ᥤ ›iœ , .. Ŧ, ‚ , , ɱ, .ձ. gǼ , DZ ұ ɱ , MS U ұ, ž, ‚ G ›iœ ž G ‘’ h trend setter , G ſ- ձ , X h , m, , , ɱ n S , Š , ұ › j š ‘ձ’ -- ™ & ߿ ձ › ձ, ũx -- ߱ ߱ Š Š ũx ŽS Š ߱ - - ߱ ›߱-- ›Կ ձ-߱ S ձ Ͽ Ž Ͽ -- j-- ›+ ˦š ձ߱ š , -- h, , , ձ ߱ ›-- ‘’ h, ձh ߱ տ- ұ߿-- › ߱ տ߱ ˆ ձ ұ ұ g y ұ h ұ տ ɱ ‘œԿ ’ i B ձ ձ ұ › žLš S { , ߱ ߱ ұ DZ ձ & ұ y ձ ߿= ձ -- տ h ұ ſV ұ q œ ձj տ ұ ұ h X™L , c ſV - ұ ұ h › h Ŀ ұ, ձ ߿ ұ ™L ұ ձ ߿ ‘ ’ q ұ † h jŦš y h ݼ ձ ›iœ DZ, ɱ q ձ ſ q ұ y-- , ұ ‘ ’ ɱ ұ Ž ұ ұ ձ ұ h --ұ ұ ұ ‘ 汿’ ›S ‚ ž ᥤ Ŧ •. . Ŧ — - ߱ ‚ ‘’- › ž ᥤ Œ ‘’ / c S տ h › ߱ E k , c Mj ɱ h ‚ Q ձ -- E ձɱR ձR›߱ ұh --, › h jQ T h ‚ ߱ ߱ , ALš x , ұh , ߱ ɱ Š ұ ſ h ™ Š › ձ-- զ߱ ‚ , ‘?’, ‘’ ߱ Š / { ձ , -- echo ߱ Š h q ձ ‚ ‘’ ‘’ q ձ • ձ |f Ž Ž— ‚ q h-- † › ‚ Š ߿ ɱ h ߱ / k ߱ , ‘’, ‘p’ theory GG BЦ ߱S Q ‚ 1967 ߿ › ߱ , • / ߿ —-- h h qX ɱ qX . . Ŧ MS ž Ŧ G ᥤ Ŧ ߱ › q c Š ᥤ Ŧ .. Ŧ q G ž ᥤ ɱ A ߱ - .. Ŧ |nDZ , qS ұ ߏ †Q / ɼ ſ -- Š ձ Ž -- ſ ߱ M߱ S & ›, ‘‘ ’’,‘‘ ’’,‘‘ f’’,‘‘ ɱ ’’, ‘‘ / ’’, ɱ ߱ .. Ŧ S 34 •1955 —, iœ & ձ ձ-- h ұ { - ձ ұ ߱h h ɱ ߱ A ž ᥤ ߱ ߱ / › h, S A . . 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| -- h ™ ߱ ұ h ߱ Š h | -- ‘’ ձ M , -ձ ұ ձ ұ B v™L Կ† ձ Ž › ‘ձ’- ‘ɱ’ ߱ q - ձ wZ ›/ { ձ-- ձ ұ ‘ ’ ‘’ զ߱ ߱ h j h ұ j h --ұ } ‘’, ‘h’ ‘ձ ߱h’ -- : G ɿM j , S ‘h h’ ձ M ձ ұ ߱ h ߱ ұ ߱ұ q , c ߱ ұ ›ѿ --߱ * տ ɱ ұ ‘œԿ ’ ߱ ұ _ * y --߱ › Ž™L -- ձ ߿ ұ / տ ձ ߿ _ ۦڱ ձ , ߱ ұ _ / ձ / ߱ ұ ߱ h ձ ұ ﱦš , ›iœ Š S, M MW տ߱ › ձ B y߱ --DZ { -- + S ™L _ տ߱ Q † -- .. , ɱ / h ձ h ™ -- ձ, ›iœ | h ձ ұ ձ ұ h ձ Š | › , , տZ h ձ ұ _ melody emotive appeal ϼ h -- ձ ձ ձ, ߱™L 榤 Š M, M j Կ†Š g -- ߱ M ;ɱ™L ձ , h , , h , -- ™ ߱ ұ ձS -- ߱ Š ߱ h flexibility ., ›/ ձ ձ, La ձŽ ˝ ߱-- ߱ ™L y ߱ , ձ߱ ұh - , ձ, ſ, , --/ |‡ ߱ -- • — h ձ ձ ձ ߱ ̏ l h --߱ տ Ž h y Voice Culture- : œ ɱ † h + h , , -- ™ ұ ^n -- , ſ-ſ - ߱ ձ ߱ Š Ž y h h -- ձ ɱ c ۿ / h S T ձ ұ ձ › › X h ұ , h T ձſV ұ ߱߱ G ߱ n, l ߱ | T ‘’ q † h , DZ T ձ ձ h ձ ߿ ܿ ߱ --- & h ձh h ߱h h ™L ߱ ߱ , ɱ a / •n — Ž ձ ›߱ ձ ձ › ߱ n n / › -- ߿ s S l ձ n- , ձ , ߱ ߱ ‘n’ s ѦԨ ‘n’ ‘’ -- ‡ ѿM S Ž h߿h ɱ † X ߱ ߱ ܝ ձɱR ߿ ϼ ձ n q , } , = , ұ , › ™L Š Lš •— n --š, ™L, = ձϼ ›߿ step by step i ,-- sequence n ձ ‘ ’ ߿ &Q h ,,,,, ɱ styllable + S , ^n iœ ֝ › ™ӿ, , ›Կ ɱ y ձRŸ h _ n h n ұ , ձ + Ž h --qX + iœ MR y ›Կ , La n- ŽS Ǽ Š ߿ Ɀ h߿h ߱ flexibility Ž-Ž Š La ›߱ › n ^n • — , ‘’ , ‘’ n߱ ұ ұ ‘’ La/ n U n ߱ X n ‘’ ˥ M ‘’, ‘’, ‘G’ ‘’ ϼ & › ߱ i Կ† , iœ , iœ ձ ſ › ŏ --ձ{j ұ 汿ߏV ұ S --V ұ , ſV ұ , ſV ұ UſV ұ |‡ ձ V ұ ›iœ Š -- ձſV , V , 汿V ſV j ձſV - V j 汿V-ſV j n ɱ Ÿ ձ ™L 19- տ ›iœ Q -- n - ձ , { ɱ n Ž ” ձſV V ߿ n , - ձh ұ { ߱h ” 汿V ſV j -- ұ { ™L ” ſV ұ _ n -- ߱h h ձ ™ Š n --ұ { ұ •, — U ұ ౿ U ұ ɱ ձ Šϼ ” -- ϼ ” „› ϼ ” S ” ɱ ” ձ S-- . . ձ , . . j ߿ ” ‘ž’ -- jɱɱ ɿ jɱɱ m • a — › , m, , ɱ ‘a’ (light classical) ‘ a’ / ձɱ ձ ϼ ߿ ‘a’ / & տ , ‘a’ aesthetic -- ұ ұ . ձ ſV , ձ߿ ұ , ߱ h , ձ ұ, , -- inferior Art - DZM ձ , , X , h , -- - ձ ‘a’ m ձ ļ › m-- ? m -- U ұ, ž ‚ G •߱— X ‘ձh ’ - ձ ձ ߿-- ߱ aœ ‚, h ſclassical , -- ‘a’ ſMM › ձ › 75 ձ ߱߱ ‘ G k’ ‘ a / ’ -- ߿ MԐ , n œ / ŽS 榤 ձ + ձ j _ ›߱ , n ձ/ տ Š † h ‘’ s j S ‘’ , -- › ұ - h ſ -- / ɿŠ q , / h //, /, M › ߿ M› Ͽ › ™Կ Ž ձ - ‡ ұ, +, ձɱ ɱ ұ DZ n + ձ ߱ / R feminine M , --, , ߱, , h | ұ , qX + ߱ X --Š ұ, - / / O / h ‘Ÿ’ - • O /—, ? Š & ձ › ձ n / ,-- / ձ -- ձ •’S X— ›, , - ձ߱ Կ† , ձ߱ , ߱ ‘’ -߱ ձ B -- - - ߿ › --- & M La/ , B M › / X h ‘Ÿ’- ձ , ɱ Ž j Ž ‘տ’- տ seriousness Ž ɱ Š ұ ߿ ɱ --- ”Z ‘‘ ɱ ’’ • — ‘‘ ’’ •— ‘‘ ſ ձ ’’ •߱— ‘‘ ұ ɱ j ’’ •m— ‘‘ ձ &’’ •— ‘‘ & ’’ •— ‘‘ҿ ɱ &ұ’’ •— ‘‘ ɱ’’ • — ” ‘‘ ’’ • — ‘‘‚ ’’ •߱— ‘‘ ’’ • — ‘‘ ’’ •߱— ‘‘ ұ ’’ • — ‘‘/ ’’ •— ”h ‘‘ ձ ’’ •— ‘‘߱ ’’ • — ‘‘ſ ’’ •߱— Ž Ž- iœ , „ Ž / ߱ //, տ ɱ h ߱ տ ߿ h --- ‘j ’ › ™ ^n , ™ j ձ ɱ Ž h - ձ • ձ —, ɱ ߿ › -- ” ձ ‘‘ ’’ •| — ‘‘ ’’ •? — ‘‘ſ ’’ • — ‘‘߱ ߱’’ • — ‘‘ ߱ ’’ • — ‘‘ ’’ • — ‘‘ ɱ ’’ •߱ — M › ™ m / - - Ž - š 榤 Š ™L speed - | * ߱, h, ߱ --ɱ & ұ h › c ձ h q --, # ұ ™L ‘h’ - › ? m M h , ձ ձ d camel song ›߱ ӿ Կ† Ǧš › ™ Ž h -- & ձ--ſ/ hh --ձ j ﱿ h ձ ұ ŽS ߱ ߱ MW h S™L ұ › -߿ ܿ Կ† h ձ ұ y -- --s h h ձ ұ ‘‘› / ’’ ‘‘‚ ’’ ‘‘ ’’ ‘‘ձ ’’ ...ɱ ձ ұ ‘‘ ұ ’’ ‘‘ ɱ’’ ‘‘ ’’ ‘‘ ’’ X ձ Š -- ұ n --ұ ձj Š---, ұ, ձ ߿ ұ-- ձ ߿ , ‘’ ϼ ›ɱ --ձ j ձ ұ {߱ B -- | } ձ ﱦš , ౿ ߱ ߱ ›߱ --- ұ ‘‘ j ’’ • — ‘‘ ձ’’ • ߱ — ‘‘ұ ߱ ſ ’’ • — ձ ߿ ұ ‘‘ ߱ ߱ ’’ • — ‘‘ ’’ • — ‘‘ ’’ • — ‘‘ ձ’’ • — ‘‘ ձ ’’ •ұ — ‘‘߿ ’’ • ߱ — ‘‘j + ’’ • — ‘‘߱ ɱ’’ •— ‘‘ ձ’’ • — ‘‘ j’’ • — ‘‘߱ ’’ •— m q ™ m iœ ? ? › - ұ ? m ߱ ɱ › m , Ŀ߿, ߱ h U › Ž ձ ձ _ / ձ ձ , n-, - m Ž ձ ձ La -- Š a La/ a / _/ La/ &Q -- › vɱ q -- ߱ La/ ߱ ձ _/ ŽS ߱ ߱ ™L † -- , ձ ߿, , ձ ұ, Ŧ, g, h , {߱, --- _ 榤 ߱ ߱ | ˥œ , c ™ _ /Š › | ձ -- hh Š q, տ߱ , զ y-- q ұ ձR y, ձ first impression is the best impression ! , › q Š --ɱ ұ › ձ ›| B --߱ › ‘S’ Lš ž jɱɱ ˆK DZ,‘‘ q ӿM +/ ’’ - ձ ձ d | › -- c ߱ La/ ŽS ߱ -- B, B-- տ߱ La †Q 榤 melody ձ-- MS # տ߱ › | La, , , , /, ұ, -- 榤 ձ ձ ձ -- ߱ | _/ La/ h צ j-- ձ h a La/ ձ / La& › S sԿ†߱ / --•1— La •string instrument—, •2— La •wind instrument—, •3— •solid-bodied instrument—, •4— DZ La •membrane-covered instrument—. h ձ-- & | › ſ - La mon-moelodic instrument -- ߱ ſ ’ La | ™LM , & --- •1— La-- — /, , , ۦڱ, — , , , c •2— La-- — , ұ, vɱ, La& › ߿ ձ ձ ձ y -M > La/ |Ͽ non melodic ‘- La’ | ™LM La&, š ձ y La /, , ۦڱ, ұ _/ ߱߱, ߱ & -, uninterrupted Կ† Ž , h - /, ұ--› տB Ž, , plucking instrument , ߱ pluck , ™L ձ strike --ұ߱ ſ ߱ ɼ _/ S Կ† /, , ۦڱ, ұ ձ, , ձ ձ } / -- ձ Š --c La& _/ ձ •߿— † , › տ߱ ŽS /, ұ ŽS M La Š _/ Š ‘’ , UU -- - , ŽS La/ _Š ſ ŽS--߱ |S ſ La La expression, language ﱿ 榤 vocabulary idiom h Ž † LaŠ ɱ ұ ›‡ ұ qS _/ ›+ -- ձ ż ɱ ձ ձ { › ձ ɱDZ La _/ &Q -- ձ , , , ұ, /, -- La& S ߿ y Ž ߿f ձ y ձ ձ , , vɱ M& ߱ ſ ’ - --౿ ౿ ™ ŽS h M ձ ߱ , ձ ձ , -- -- , approach , ձ › + ˥œ ұ ȿ ౿ ^n ұ ȿ ౿ ȼ i ౿ † improvisation - ߱ continuity ձ h ұ La- tonal range h ‘ձ’- ‘h’ h X ‘š’ / ‘™L’ DZ ^n ұ ȿ ౿ ȼ ౿ ձ ౿ ձ + cſ ‘’ ‘’ ‘h’ ‘’ &Q š տ߱ -- ౿ ȿ ‘&’ ߱ / › La , La › La › - -M ձ ߱ › DZ La › { › 1740 ձ ™L ܿ + ›߱ y ߱ ձ ſ & ™L Š { h թ† s ౿ ‘’ › Š n DZ ߿‡ S ‘ ’, / ‘’ ‘G ’ { / ‘’ ™L Š , ‘ ’ Š Ž- ‘G ’ h › ұ M߱ ‘’ ձ } (western) Ž ‘’ S › •eastern— M ſ ߱ ձ| † ‡ -- ձ ձV ұ ձ , La / ſ S La --, , _/ h La j ſ melody , ߱, DZ / ‘’ La q ձ y ۿ ™ + , ^n + La ߱ ձ -- ձ Œ տs 1. ձ Š / Š ߱ / † X Š &Z ™ ұ-- h n , , ^ Ž Š ɱ Ͽ ‘ ߱ ’ ߱ --߱ plucking ұ fingering &Q / ™ q Š passage- j ౿ Š h 2. ‘ ’ տ › › ‘ ’ Š † ™ n › Š -- approach ߿ ɱ , ™L ‡ methodical approach. ձV ұ ձ ձ { La ™L Š ߱ ձ ձ ұ -- Š La DZ ›‡ , G h ߿ { , iDZ jɱɱ ձ ձ iDZ › ߱ - - ߱ ›Ͽ ߱ ձ ձ ›iœ ™ Š = B-- DZ ձ ߱ : •— ߱ iDZ Š ձ ™ ձV ұ ɱ ձ ձ G G jɱ ѿŽl ձ Š basic feature ұ Ž ‘DZ’ ˆ } / › Ž -- ߱™L G ձ experimental ձ ™L ձ ™ radical approach S - S ߱߱, phrase idiom ձ | ߱ DZ ձ ձ ձ ձſ ߿ h-- ™L ‘ӿ +/ ’, DZ Bj y ߿ phrase - , Š paragraph -- Ž & ұh ‘ ұh’ ǿ › ɱ ұ ‘ ’ ‘ձſ ձ ߿ › Ž’ ... ԩ† &, ‘™L’, ‘’, ‘ձ ’, ‘ ?’, ‘ ɱ’-- ߿ j › ߱ G ‘ ’, ‘’, ‘ſ ɱ’, ‘ ɱ’, ɱ ձ G & › , --- ? ™L ™L qX ɱ jɱɱ S 55 Š ߱ / ™t / ձ ũ† jɱɱ iœ 1931 Š f jɱɱ ߱ h ‘œ ’ S 9 ‘/ ›’ › š տ߱-- q, ձ ձ * q † G f ɱ f iœ › › ߱ -- jɱ ™L ɿMQ ձV ұ S ձ 6 ձV ұ ߱ ™ 1952 1956 -- ձ › ձ ɿMQ--™ ձ ձ ұ ѦǼ & † › h Š ұ ›ɱ ‘’-ۼ ձ ձ j -- ձ landmark ձ a / ‘ ’ ›߱ j ǿ ߿ -- Š ſh | --- | Gļ ձ ձ •ɱ š— q Š ߿ › ›‡ | + f ɱ ɱ ұ h jɱɱ ߱ American Society for Eastern Arts (ASEA) - Visiting Professor of Music DZ / #; -- ձV ұ › տ߱ ɱ iDZ MW iDZ / ߱ G ߱ DZ ߱ h P La style style ձ ™ ձV qX, ձ ձ , iDZ ԿS classical approach ұ - ™ ձ ұ lyrical / -- , ߱ ձ ұ M Š 榤 expression ™ ™L ›Կ ұ ߱ , 1947 / ɱ߱ ŏ, -- jɱɱ ɱ y ұ ѿŽl / › ɱ -- Š -- ›˝Ÿ տ› ›/ -- jɱɱ ‘’ ‘ձh’ y ›Կ ұ , -- - ™ ձ ұ Ž ߿ q , -- ձ gh ™L ſ | ұ h ? T 3. ߿ -- ™ ұ ɱ n / † , ‘ ’-- melody continuity - ұ › melody continuity -- ձ U, † | -- ! ߱ | ߱ † ,
