ձ ߱ h , ߱ թ† Ͽ߱ g ձ q ұ / ձ S y տ: , 1 ձ O ™L › f ߱ ձj V ѦԨ M †˜La M - 汿 - ˩†˜ ձ Կ†/, BM, BŽ, B|, LaM ߱ ՝, 汿 M2 ձ ձ ߱ / ձS ߱ ߱ ‡ Ž y ‡ | , ұ BM B䏿 ɱ M ұ տ߱ › | # h & ‡ Z | Ž Ͽ߱ ™ g ᱿߱ ɱ Ͽ߱ › † ᱿߱ ŽS _ ձ h s › , BS = ձ › ɱ , ߱ q h { , La Š + | Ͽ߱, ߱, , La-- ӿ߱ ձ † B ɱ ŽS | U ɿM Ž |, ұ M › | Ͽ M | Ͽ ձ Ž Ͽ ߱ La BS S ߱ Ѧš M ߱ La h h ߱ ߱ ѦԨ x h j BS ߱ B ձ j ߱ › Q Ž “ Ž “ ‡ +Š ѦԨ + ձ 揿 ›Ž ›/ ձ ߱ ŽS c ߱ “ ߱ › Ze › h ߱ - ѦԨ ? Ž h - {œ - ձ › ŽS › ӿ߱ ™L X ɱ -- | La ɱ ŽS տ - ձ› M, ? n ձj ձ -- -- DZ , ɱ᱿ ձj ձ -- -- ձR iœ, ձj ›Ÿ › ߷ ›˝Ÿ M q Ͽ ձ U ɱ᱿ ߿ S g U n g ŽS - y DZ š ձ s տ߱ ձ gɱ, , ™L, , i Ž Ž ѦԨ ›S& ձ g › Š c Œ T ձ † ձ h&, ?›, ձ ձ / M c ˦ڱ / { ұ , ˦ڱ DZ M Aɱ ձ ձ ߱ › ɿM Ž ߱ T ӿ߱ ™ / ™L 揿 ձ Կ h տ ɱ › U ձ - ɱ O . . . ߱ BS ձ › ᱿߱ ߿ ߱ ձ -- › Ž ձ ձ߱ ߱ ѦԨ ձ -- , B -- ... DZ ձ ѦԨ Š ɱ 18-20 ߱, ұ ɱ ߿ ձ ձ c ѦԨ ߱ - , DZ ›iœ - , S -- ߱3 Ž c h h h ѦԨ M › DZ h ѦԨ ›Q S M ѦԨ Œ ɼ - j ›S& &Q Ž › c ѦԨ ձ , S S -- › S S ߱ ձ c S ›|ձh U , & ѦԨ › M= _ ձ ™, ߱ ѦԨ › ߿ ձ ձ տ߱ ŽS y ›‡ ӿ߱ X ߱ › , ѦԨ B 4 ౿ ›M B䏿, i ›S Ž T ұh ұ ѦԨ , M ߱ ӿ߱ ߱ ձ ›S ѦԨ ӿ߱ ձ h, ߿ S ұ ߱ š ұh ѦԨ ɼ ›, ›‡ ›Q i ѦԨ La c ſ † ѦԨ ˆ ߱ ѦԨ ›S › - 1— , 2— ձѿ , 3— ϼ ߱ ›S& ձ › c La 5 ɱ ߱ y h , , Ž ߱ ›‡ ձRŽ ձRԿX › › h ձſ ߱ տ߱ ߱ ›‡ ᱿߱, ߱ _ ߱ ұ ߿ , 汿߱ S h -ŏ - ›Կ- › M ™ c ߱ ձ c T ‡ , , ?, , ձ ӿ, fj, ™L տ ɱ ձR›߱ › զa j 汼 ɱ › , - h c ɱ ‡ ձ ձ տ: ձ ŽS ѦԨ ſ ӿ߱ ձ G X-- M Կ Lš › › | S ߱ Ͽ ұ ձ M Ͽ ſ ձ ɱ S ձ h ձ | ӿ߱ ӿ߱ Ͽ, M h ſ , ձ X ɼ ߱ T “ ᱿߱ ұ ұ ձ ձ ߱ ձ ձ߱ › f ձ ™L ›Կ ™L ձ q M h, M ˝ , ձj, › j T › ? M ? ߿ q s& ձ߱ f X ձ Ͽf G / ձ ٿQ ɱ - ߱ g - ձ q Lš ձ™LDZ ſ c T ? ձ߱ ձ߱ ߱ ұ 鱿 ' h q &h ձ , ձ h... ձ߱ ձh ! h ? ձ 汿 ұ h ձ ձ , , ɱ˥, ߱ ձ ձ h ձ ſ 걿 h ձ տ - ߦš , տ ձ c ձ š‚ U = g - ұ ձ v ɼ ձ ձ տj ձRɱ ſM , vɱ Ž h j, Xj , ұ ձ c T ձ ձ ߱ , Š ›g , ߱™ | h ձ Ž › ұ ձ c - ձ c ɱ鱿 Ž... , Ž Š ձ , ɱ鱿 ձ c ? ߱ ұſ , ߱ h ߷ ɱ -- ձ jQ ɱ M ɼ ձ ? c , , ұ S ձ} ™L › h-ۼ k ɱ' ߱ h c X ? U h Ͽ / Ͽ ұh ձ ߿ B h B ? ձ A ձ߱ , , ձ “ Ze ſM 屿h -- S B • — տ ? ձ -- ? ձ ձ ձ ձ Ũ S ›߱ h ɱ ұh h ›߱ / ձ ձ ձ › ձ - M ձ ' ұ ձ ߱ h ߱ h ձ h Ŀ ձ ձ , ձ h ձ › ˆ ձ ձ , › ձ S / ߱ T › 汿 ɱ S ‡ ɱ ۿ ߿ ɱ ұ ձB屼 U & ɱ & h ձ ߱ ձ ұh ձ ұh ߱ ձi h M , q B ұ ձB屼 Կ &™ ձ տ-- ߱ , ߱ DZ, ɱ տ ߱ տ: › ɱ ձ G ձ ߱ La › ɱ q B ұ ձB ›Ÿ 汿 ˩†˜ ™ ™ ™ † › ߱ - ձ ›߱ ߱ - / ߿ S ̏ ձ ɱ ձ X h ӿ߱ Z ձ M ɱ ϼ ‡ iœ, ‡ | ձ ›ŸS 1. ߏ S ձ •ŏ, 38— 2. ձ ߱ ձ߱ • ߿ ձ › - — ձ Կ ձ ձ ŏ •, 18— M ߱ 20 S h ձ ߱ q ŏ ӿ › ձ › h ... ‡ ձ ұ q ձ ұ ձ & ձ ձ Ͽ ѱ , ߱ S , › , ձ K ... ձ X , ձ߱, ձ ձ ձ, ձ 鱿 ɱ` ձ •S, 20— ߱ ѦԨ G ŽS Ͽ, › ›S , S Ž, M ձ ձ/ 榤 › ߱ ѦԨ տ: Ž ԩ† ߿ ̏ M h , Ž, › B ߱ , M M U ɱ ᱿߱ ձ › Ͽ߱ T - q ̿ S › Š h 榤 Lš S ձj / ‡ M ߱ Š i ձ Ž߱ ұ Q ұ › ˝ M- ձ ˆ 1960-70 & ձj ձR M & ձj& j , ɿM ձ ™L ձ ˦ ɿM ɿM , , G š -- , , ߱, / ߱ | / ӿ߱, q ŽŽ Q M , š / M &Q ձ 6 Š Ͽ ձ ձ Ž߱ , ձ h ... ߱ ™ ߱h զ™ ձ • ұ ձ— ձ , ձ ſ߱ ձ, ձ ձ ձ ձ... DZ ұ ӿ߱ ұ š c ձ š ձ † ձ ձ ɿM ձ ɿM ձ ձ › ձj ߱ ߱ ձ տ: ɿM ›Ÿ ձ U ұ ɿM ձ ұ ձ ™L q ߱ ձ h Lš ›Ÿ, ߱ Š Ž ™ ұh A ұh T ձ ձ h ձ ұ ɱl ѿŽl ձ ߿ ӿ߱ &Q ձ ձ Š h U ձ , ұ տ߱ DZ ձ M h ɱɱ † ߿ DZ ұ † › T › › ſ}™L ұh & ˦ڱ ™ { { c T ſ ձ ѦԨ ӿ, fj ɱ -߿ ɱG › h fj ߱ ߱ † ߱ ߱ ձ ձ ձſ › ܿ տ DZ - ұh - - ™L ›G ! ! ձ ߱ ŠŽ y ‡ ѦԨ ҿ ߿ Š+ տ Ž ձ s ڱs ձ ձR M ձſ ɱ X -- ձ ձ ձ ſ iœӿ U M US ձ ߱ ձ ɱ ձ ϼ 汿œ ձ Կ ߱ X B ձ T - - ձ ձ ձ ձ ձ , ձ › ߱ 1. ձ Banerjee, S. 1998. The Parlour and the Streets : Elite and Popular Culture in Nineteenth Century Calcutta, Calcutta, Seagull Books, jɱɱ, ™L, 1986 - ѦԨ | T , , 16-32 ›/ ߱ ѦԨ Š, ũ† 21 , ɱ 1, 100- 127 2. ߱ ߱ ‚f ձ , S ɱ, 1987, ‚ , ۿ›, 11 - 43 3. , 1996, j ɱ 181 - 188 4. ձ ADORNO T.W HOKK HEIMER, M, 1973 The Culture Industry : Enlightement as Mass Deception, S. During The Cultural Studies Reader, London, Routledge, 29-43. 5. Hall. S. 1993, Encoding and Decoding S. During , The Cultural Studies Reader, London, Routledge. 90 103. 6. Hall, S. 1992 The Question of Cultural Identity, D. Held ɱ Modernity and Its Future, Cambridge Polity Press - Open University, 273 326.
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